The McKinsey Global Institute aggregated a richly granular data set of micro-, small-, and medium-size enterprises (MSMEs) and large companies across 12 broad sectors, 68 level-two subsectors, and more than 200 level-three subsectors for 16 countries that account for more than half of global GDP.

In these countries, MSMEs on average have only half the productivity of large companies, and less than that in emerging economies. Raising MSMEs to top-quartile levels relative to large companies represents value equivalent to 5 percent of GDP in advanced economies and 10 percent in emerging economies.

Micro-, small, and medium-size enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial to economies, accounting for two-thirds of business employment in advanced economies and nearly four-fifths in emerging ones. They contribute half of all economic value added and play a key role in preserving competitiveness in globalized economies. However, MSMEs' productivity is only half that of large companies, with a more significant gap in emerging markets. Closing this gap could add 5% to GDP in advanced economies and 10% in emerging ones. Strategies to boost MSME productivity require tailored approaches to specific subsectors and countries. Collaboration between MSMEs and large companies is a win-win strategy that often leads to mutual productivity gains, as seen in sectors like automotive and software development. All stakeholders must develop targeted strategies, enhancing infrastructure, policies, and networks to support both MSMEs and large enterprises.

"In this paper, we argue that business models need to be inclusive and adaptive to generate climate-smart value equitably for all stakeholders involved and sustainably over time. Inclusivity involves not only providing the poor at the Bottom-of-the-Pyramid (BoP) with access to resources (e.g. finance, technology, access to markets) in business models but also, according to some scholars, with guaranteeing their representation in decision-making over the use of these resources. Adaptability entails the capacity to smoohtly adjust structures and processes of enterprise-BoP partnerships that underlie business models. We suggest that building inclusive and adaptive climate-smart business models is non-trivial work which, in the future, will require rapid cycles of collective experimentation and reflection between decision-makers in climate-smart business models and researchers studying them."

"The Global State of Social Enterprise report examines the transformative role that social enterprises play in addressing some of the most pressing global challenges. At a time when the world is grappling with unprecedented social, environmental and economic issues, the scope and scale of social enterprises are under- recognized while their contributions have never been more critical."