"A previous British International Investment (BII) Insights paper showed that periods of higher private investment are historically associated with more rapid reductions in extreme poverty.1 That does not mean investment and economic growth always result in poverty reduction. This paper draws on the experiences of many developing countries to shine a light on when growth reduces poverty, and when it does not. Its ultimate objective is to clarify the role of private sector development finance institutions (DFIs) in the context of overall development policy, and the need for different forms and sources of investment and support that complement each other."